You Can Never Predict What Life Is Going At You - 1454 Words

You can never predict what life is going to throw at you. Until I was about 9 years old, I lived in Groves, Texas which was located by the Gulf of Mexico. Groves was a small town, so small that I had to go to school in Port Arthur, the city right next to Groves. I had a small house and a big backyard with lots of trees. My dad also kept a small ship and a boat in our yard, and I always thought about what it might be like to board the ship. My days would be spent playing with my little sister and hanging out in the yard, exploring every inch of our lawn. One hot September day, I was in my fourth grade class when kids were being checked out. My teacher explained to those of us still in class that a hurricane seemed to be heading our way.†¦show more content†¦Traffic was terrible. It was more than terrible, we would only move what felt like an inch at a time. People were running out of gas and there were no gas stations open for miles. My dad kept the air conditioning off to pr eserve the battery or gas, and it was blazing hot out. I remember being drenched in sweat, wondering where we were going to end up. When it came time for me to sleep, the car was so packed I had to move in awkward positions to get comfortable and use cardboard boxes as pillows. We could not afford to pull over for potty breaks so my parents had my sister and I pee in a jar. Gross right? But that was all we could do. There was a countdown to when the hurricane was coming and we had to get as far away as possible. Even though we traveled for days, we only got as far as Woodsville which was only about two hours from where I lived. A two hour trip had been stretched out to days because of the traffic. We were notified to find shelter and we ended up in a high school gym. We were given two cots since there were four family members and we huddled our way to the middle of the gym. There were a lot of people, all just as miserable looking as we were. I was so exhausted that I fell asleep on the cot about five minutes after arriving to our shelter. I slept so long and so deep, the hurricane passed over our shelter and I missed it. When I woke up my mom told me about how the hurricane passed and that we

The Death Of The King - 1333 Words

They said that he was on his way. The battle ended sooner and he was coming to put down the riots. I order my people to block all the gates and corridors. They cannot give up†¦not when we are this far. He needs to know. He needs to know the flaws in his kingdom that the Royal Advisor has hidden from him with false reassurances. Ever since he had shown me his kingdom of Vita, the people became not just my subjects, but also my responsibility. I will never stop fighting for them, even if I have to go against him. The first time I saw the kingdom; I was betrothed to him and set to be the future queen. I remember how people looked at me, expectantly, as if they were yearning for water. But what were they to expect of me? I was sold by my†¦show more content†¦A woman stares back through one of the shards, her eyes verdant with an unknown spark in her eyes. Her long ebony hair now lively and free, what her people will soon be able to become. Her royal robes replaced with a cotton tunic, whose cloudy threads seem to shine brighter than her once gold threads. â€Å"My Queen, the...the Royal advisor and his men have blown the east and west barricades of the Temple†¦them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hear a nervous young warrior stutter behind me and my blood rushes. Where’s my king? The mention of the royal advisor made my blood boil and my once gentle hands roll up into a fist. The royal advisor is the reason why my children are starving, why my people are dying, why my Vita is full of sorrow. I remember hearing him tell me how much he loved the royal advisor, how he was his second father after his very own died of sickness. I tried to tell him, that the one most closest to his heart was holding a dagger, ready to attack to see his downfall; but what would I know? He told me not to worry myself in politics, not to believe what the people are saying. The Queen is dainty, delicate, and gentle. The Queen does not get into politics, nor does she keep anything from her king†¦not even a mere saying. When I saw my subjects in misery, I decided I needed to become both Queens. A Queen that is loyal to her king and a Queen that is loyal to her subjects; and in my situation†¦I never needed to let them intertwine, until

The Sociological Theory Of A Gang Membership And Gang...

In recent years gang membership and gang violence have increased. Why are the youth in America turning to gangs and why has violence increased within the gangs? Is it based on their socioeconomic status within their neighborhood? Is it the need to belong? Is it the need to establish who is in control of the neighborhood? Or is it the lack of good parental role models within the home? The sociological theory that I’m basing my research on is functionalism. Functionalism is a framework that defines society as a system of interrelated parts. What is a gang? The article â€Å"Sexual Access to Females as a Motivation For Joining Gangs: An Evolutionary Approach† gave the following definition: â€Å"A youth gang is a self-formed association of peers, bound together by mutual interests, with identifiable leadership, well-developed lines of authority, and other organizational features, who act in concert to achieve a specific purpose or purposes. Gang members can be seen as people who have chosen to engage, cooperatively, in a risky form of competition† (Palmer and Tilley, 1995, p. 213). â€Å"...They function as a residual social institution when other institutions fail and provide a certain degree of order and solidarity for their members† (Spergel, 1990, p. 171). â€Å"Gangs were once thought to be an inner-city problem, but it has spread throughout the United States. There are more than 24,500 different youth gangs around our country and more than 772,500 teens and young adults were members ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Law Enforcement in Curbing Gang Violence1041 Words   |  4 Pagesis to prevent gang activity. Gang activity is certainly not a new phenomenon, but has been part of human history since Ancient Times (Rome, Greece, the Middle Ages, etc.). In most countries, gang violence patterns the sociological development of society and the evolution of criminal activity - as criminal activity becomes more sophisticated, so do gang activities. While most sociological theories tie gang behavior to youth violence, one can trace a number of changes in gang violence to the way organizedRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, however, the Federal Definition according to National InstituteRead MoreHispanic Adolescent Youth Gangs Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Gangs have been a point of concern for states and societies around the world for centuries. Youth gangs are not exempt from that same categorization and have operated for the same amount of time worldwide. Over the last century however, a proliferation of youth gangs has been witnessed, especially among Hispanic youths immigrating into the United States. Researchers and scholars have offered multiple theories as to why youths, and Hispanics youths in particular integrate themselves into gang organizati onsRead MoreA Sociological Aspect of Gang Activity1743 Words   |  7 PagesGangs can be classified as a group of adolescents who are perceived to be a threat to society, are mostly recognized by their name and territorial power, and have been involved in numerous acts that violate criminal law procedures in North America. (Esbensen, Winfree, He and Taylor, 2001). The first theme that was present in the pieces of literature collected was the lack of opportunities. As previously stated before, becoming involved in a gang starts at a young age. An article titled â€Å"Youth GangsRead MoreInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs?3113 Words   |  13 PagesInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs? Magdaline Mouratides Sociology 100 Instructor Francisco Limá ½ ¹n November 29, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the sociological aspects and means in which individuals may use in order to affiliate themselves within a gang and their practices. The following research uses statistics and information given by police departments and the Department of Justice. I have searched for reasoningRead MoreNot All Street Gangs Were Formed For Ill Doing1745 Words   |  7 PagesNot all street gangs were formed for ill doing. Many people might think down on the creation of gangs but it is a part of survival in their region. Street gangs, which pull peers into gangs for protection and social status, assemble to protect their neighborhood, family and friends from other street gangs thus causing rising crime rate and innocent people dying because of this. First off, there are a few definitions for gangs because authorities had a hard time explaining what a gang even is. â€Å"WalterRead MoreYouth Deviance Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesCritically examine the theory of deviance with reference to young people and their membership in deviant subcultures or gangs. Deviance is associated with young people today and is rapidly on the increase within the street and school environment. Young deviants are engaging in gang membership and subcultures with a means of social belonging, social interest and ethnic identity. There are several sociological and subcultural theories which deem to explain deviance. Some of the theories are functionalistRead MoreYouth Gangs Push and Pull Factors1899 Words   |  8 PagesYouth Gangs Push and Pull Factors Arjun Sharma SOC101Y Friday, November 23, 2012 Ms. Fulton Youth Gangs Push and Pull factors in America What influences youth to join and leave gangs in America? This essay strives to seek and inquire an answer or explanation to this question. I will try to approach the answer to this question by analyzing the biggest factors of it such as the influence of social institutions, psychological behaviour, media and many more to determine the push and pull factorsRead MoreIntesectionality: Gender, Race and Gangs Essays2452 Words   |  10 PagesIntersectionality: Gender, Race, and Gangs Introduction In much of social science research, gender, race, class, and other dimensions of identity are treated as discrete variables, to be studied and measured separately. In recent years, however, feminist sociological theorists have argued that race, gender, class, and other axes of identity must be treated as overlapping and intersecting forms of oppression. Kimberlà © Crenshaw, (1989) was among the first to articulate this theory, and coined the term â€Å"intersectionality†Read MoreSociological Theories and Gang Violence3259 Words   |  14 Pages SOCIALOGICAL THEORIES and GANG VIOLENCE Abstract The sociological analysis of gang membership explores the different types of effects that arise due to criminal involvement. Because of the social conflicts that are associated with gang membership, this paper will explore the different theories of social learning and both personal and control issues that relate to the recent surge in crime across Chicago. As we open the doors of a crime ridden society, the truth begins to unfold. It isn’t

The Hypothalamus, Hormones and Homosexuality Essay

Human sexuality is an aspect in everyone’s life whether they realize it or not. Let’s take Batman and Robin, for instance. They were the first cartoon characters accused of â€Å"sexual practices.† Fred Wertherm, a psychologist, studied sexuality in comic books and recorded the sexual behaviors between Batman and Robin. He noted these two characters as two men who wore capes and loved wearing tights- not the most masculine qualities. Batman and Robin also lived together. When they were at home, they would lounge around in gowns. Dr. Wetherm described these heroes as â€Å"sexually suspicious.† Most people that heard about the sexual connotations in Batman and Robin, thought viewers were being too analytic. Then, other cartoons came about†¦show more content†¦The hypothalamus, a specific part of the brain, can show someone’s sexuality and justify their sexual behavior based on size and structure. What researchers are trying to prove i s that there may just be a scientific reason as to why two males of any species, like Timon and Pumbaa, live together in the jungle. To understand how the hypothalamic study came to be we must understand the functions of the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus is a cone-shaped part of the brain that points downward, connecting to another part called the pituitary gland. It is located below the thalamus and is directly above the brain stem. The hypothalamus is â€Å"storage† for a plethora of small nuclei. Nuclei in the hypothalamus are sexually dimorphic. This means that the nuclei create clear differences in males and females due to function and structure. The hypothalamus helps with temperature regulation, control of food and water intake, daily cycles, emotional responses, sexual behavior, and reproduction. It also controls the release of eight major hormones. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary glands, which in turn, release sex hormones. In the f emale, the target gland for these hormones is the ovary. Ovarian hormones form loops that create sexual characteristics helping to distinguish a female from a male. On the contrary,Show MoreRelatedHomosexuality From A Biological Perspective1118 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexuality from a Biological Perspective Justice X. Johnson Angelo State University Abstract Homosexuality has been around for centuries, maybe even since the beginning of human existence. Many individuals question why some people are gay and why others are not. Those that question humanity ask what exactly makes a person become attracted to the same sex and whether or not it is nature or nurture. There are three points to argue that homosexuality is natural and not byRead MoreHow Does Hormones Affect Sexual Orientation? Essay774 Words   |  4 Pages Proponents have also argued that hormones are the primary determinant of sexual orientation, or a co-factor with environmental and social conditions, biological factors, or genes. Having seen that many genetic screens have failed to turn up genes that are responsible for sexual orientation, colleagues have researched that homosexuality may be a carry-over from one s parents prenatal resistance to the hormones of the opposite sex. Early hormones have been hypothesized to influence both sexualRead MoreSex, Gender and Sexual Orientation are Determined Genetically1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe word itself many seem to imply disapproval. Whether it be transvestism, voyeurism, exhibitionism, or sadomasochism, sexual deviancy is by many considered unnatural and inhuman. However these two words unnatural and inhuman is exactly what homosexuality is not. The truth is, sexual deviancy is as much a function of biology and as much a product of nature - as the orthodox sexuality which society ac cepts as natural. Of course some adult sexual orientation is caused by early social conditioningRead MoreHomosexuality: Biological or Learned Behavior2484 Words   |  10 PagesHomosexuality: Biological or Learned Behavior Axia College of University of Phoenix Homosexuality is at the front lines of the nature versus nurture debate. Many studies have been conducted, but a clear cause has yet to be found. Anti-homosexuals, consisting mainly of religious groups, believe that homosexuality is abnormal, unnatural, and can be changed. Because of their beliefs, homosexuality must be a learned behavior. Whether homosexuality is biological or learned behavior is still a mysteryRead MoreThe Sexual Identity Of Homosexual People1678 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween two humans. As humans, we must come to the realization that we are all equal, and that you are born gay; furthermore, you don’t have a choice. In the past few hundred years homosexuality has been seen as not being a matter of choice. In the 1960’s the term homophobia arose as a term that meant a fear of homosexuality. During this decade, new forms of love and thinking came into play, which also encouraged homosexual people to freely love as well. But when the summer of love ended, articles beganRead MoreSexual Orientation Determined At Birth2265 Words   |  10 Pagesindividual’s sexual orientation determined at birth? Homosexuality, or liking someone of the same sex, was once considered a mental illness by the American Psychiatric Association. The APA voted to remove the â€Å"disease† from the list of mental illnesses in 1973. Many recent studies have reinforced the idea that homosexuals’ desires may stem from biological factors rather than their environment. Influences such as genes, brain structure, and hormones have been proven to have an effect on a person’s sexualRead MoreTheories of Homosexuality849 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Homosexuality Through the biological perspective of deviance, sociologists have linked homosexuality to hormones, genes and the brain (Taylor, Thio Schwartz, 2013). Hormonal theory does not describe a cause of homosexuality. Genetic Theory describes the cause of homosexuality as people being born gay. The brain theory is much more in depth about the cause of homosexuality. It states that the size of a person’s hypothalamus will cause them to be homosexual or not. Gay’s hypothalamusesRead MorePsychology And Science Of A Heterosexual And Homosexual Man Through The Course Of Nature Vs. Nurture1168 Words   |  5 Pagesstudies; Simon LeVay, Roselli, Hamers, Sanders, Hansen. The perception of whether homosexuality conforms to the course of nature vs. nurture can influence the amount of scrutiny judged upon affected individuals. So, the purpose of this extended essay is to answer the research question of to what extent is there a biological basis with neurological structurally, genetica lly, hormonally, and prenatally behind male homosexuality and how an individual’s perception of this fact influences their behavior towardsRead MoreEssay about The Homosexual Brain?1502 Words   |  7 PagesQuayle said that homosexuality is more of a choice than a biological situation...It is a wrong choice. (1). Quayles statement counters the sentiment of many homosexuals that their sexual orientation is neither a lifestyle nor a personal choice, it is innate and unchangeable (2) . Is homosexuality a choice or does sexual preference have a biological basis? This question is at the forefront of academic, scientific, political, legal and media consciousness (3). The debate over homosexuality has influencedRead MoreIs Being A Lifestyle Choice?1270 Words   |  6 Pagespractitioners went far enough to diagnose it as a mental illness up until 1973. Society believed that people who were attracted physically or romantically to the same sex and even both sexes had something wrong with them. Various reasons such as homosexuality being a sin and the inability to reproduce with the same sex was reason enough to put it into the category of mental illness. It was only socially acceptable for a woman and a man to be in a relationship. This is something that has puzzled the

Euthanasia - Physician Assisted Suicide - 1641 Words

Physician Assisted Suicide John Key once said â€Å"If I had terminal cancer, I had a few weeks to live, I was in tremendous amount of pain - if they just effectively wanted to turn off the switch and legalize that by legalizing euthanasia, I d want that† (Brainyquote, web). John Key, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, supports euthanasia. Since Key has been in office, the public support for euthanasia went up 70%. If people are changing around the world, then why are Americans not changing to accept that assisted suicide is morally correct and provides the terminally ill with the right to die with dignity? Five states legalized physician assisted suicide. These states are Oregon, Vermont, Washington, New Mexico, and Montana. The laws state that physician assisted suicide allows terminally ill patients to end their lives easily and painlessly. The process is simple. People have a right to die. There are two key points supporting why this law should morally has to be passed all throughout the country. If someone is suffering, the choice to end their lives should be an option. However, from a legal standpoint, it can run the risks of being considered murder. Therefore, this all depends on the legal and ethical forms of assisted dying. Starting in 1994, as mentioned above, five states in the U.S. gave the option of physician assisted suicide. Oregon, the first state to approve physician assisted suicide, let the people vote if they want the Death with Dignity Act, the name wasShow MoreRelated Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay - Euthanasia Should Not be Legalized793 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia Should Not be Legalized      Ã‚   It is conceivable, that life can deteriorate to the point where persons lose their dignity and self-respect and are unable to communicate; life in such a form no longer meets meets the basic criteria of human- ness.   (OKeefe, A1)   Under these circumstances only should Euthanasia be practiced and then only passively (pulling the plug).   Dutch Death, Euthanasia, doctor assisted suicide, whatever you want to call it, it Read MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide865 Words   |  4 Pagessubject for people; add in the idea of assisted suicides and there’s an uproar in society. Euthanasia or physician assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in our society today. Physician assisted suicide by definition is â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means (as a drug prescription) or information (as an indication of a lethal dosage) provided by a physician aware of the patient’s intent (Merriam-Webster). There are two modes of looking at assisted suicides; either it’s seen as an absurd immoralRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide918 Words   |  4 Pagesallows terminally ill patients to end their lives with the assistance of a physician. According to the legislature, patients who seek assisted-death must only have six months to live and are required to submit a written request as well as two oral requests at least 15 days apart. (Reilly). While Gov. Jerr y Brown still has yet to approve this new law, the act has shed light on the topic of euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide. With the pending status of the law, the question remains on whether or notRead MoreEuthanasia Or Physician Assisted Suicide961 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia or physician assisted suicide, is the painless killing of a patient, suffering from a painful or incurable disease, like cancer, or alzheimer s, the practice is illegal in most countries, including the United States, although in the United States, it is a state decision, the only state in the United States that it is legal in is Oregon. Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1994, making euthanasia legal for chronically ill patients, the only caveat is that the doctor is allowedRead MoreEuthanasia, And Physician Assisted Suicide863 Words   |  4 Pagesare: euthanasia, and physician assisted suicide. Internationally, assisted suicide is a doctor prescribing drugs that end life. The patient is res ponsible for taking them. Euthanasia is the medication administered by doctors. Today, four countries have laws that allow euthanasia. (Ellis and Bronwyn) A few have laws for physician assisted suicide, and several countries have no laws against suicide. (Humphry) The United States of America have recently added a 5th state to offer assisted suicideRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1629 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems, assisted suicide creates options to reduce the amount of suffering the patient must enduring. Dying with dignity could be beneficial for not only the person who is dying, but also the person’s family and loved ones. This option, however, is often viewed as unethical and immoral throughout society. Physician-assisted suicide offers an option for those with health issues but poses various ethical and social issues. Assisted death is practiced in two different ways: euthanasia and physician-assistedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1806 Words   |  8 PagesPuett WRIT 1401 12/06/16 Physician Assisted Suicide Beginning in the 1970s, terminally ill patients were given the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment to end their own life, a process commonly referred to as euthanasia. They would be taken off life support, and death would be allowed to take its natural course. This idea was controversial at first, but now a bigger issue has taken its place. Many patients claim that they reserve the right to physician assisted suicide—killing oneself with meansRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide997 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right to Die with Dignity (The Legalization, At Risk Groups, and Rebuttal) The possible legalization of voluntary euthanasia and physician assisted suicide brings concerns in regards to how well it will be accepted. There are contradictions that exists between government and church when it comes to the morals and values placed on human life. Although, society has concerns in regards to at risk community groups and the type of treatment availableRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1504 Words   |  7 Pageslegalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, we would provide â€Å"vulnerable† patients with better overall protection and health care, give patients (who are excruciatingly suffering and have no chance of recovery) the option to end their lives before they ever needed to go through such an ordeal and giving them peace of mind, and spare the families of the patients the emotional pain of watching their loved one slowly and painfully passing away. For these reasons, I believe that euthanasia and Physician-Assisted

The Madness of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Madness of Hamlet Essay Each director has a distinct interpretation of the scene of Polonius’s murder. All three interpretations show fluctuating levels of hysteria within Hamlet’s mind. Michael Almereyda portrays Hamlet as having a great level of mental instability and hysteria. This is shown through his actions throughout this scene. At the beginning of the scene Hamlet is shown being extremely violent towards Gertrude. He throws her on the floor with great force, and then while on the ground he grabs her hair and forces her against the mirror. While against the mirror Hamlet makes Gertrude look at her herself. After this he pulls her away and wraps his arms around her neck and holds her there (Almereyda 2000). The violence expressed shows his inability to control his emotions. Further, this shows his mental instability because he lacks that ability have a normal interaction with his mother. He lets his anger overcome all other emotions he is feeling and takes it out on Gertrude. Also, within this scene Almereyda shows Hamlet’s hysteria after he has committed the act of killing Polonius. While still holding Gertrude in a choke like hold he shoots Polonius through a closet door. After Polonius is shot he falls out of the closet and onto the floor. Hamlet stands on the bed and looks down at the body. He appears shocked and as if he doesnt know what to do (Almereyda 2000). Hamlets mental instability is shown here by the emotions he shows. He shows no remorse for what he has just done and only stays focused on the body for only a short period of time before returning to his interest in Gertrude. Rodney Benner shows hamlet as having both high and low levels of mental instability and hysteria. He is shown as having high levels during the beginning of this scene. Benner shows Hamlet being verbally abusive towards Gertrude. He yells in Gertrudes face and speaks in a harsh tone of voice. His increasingly violent actions thus lead to Gertrude slapping Hamlet across the face. Hamlet responds by pulling out his sword and threatening her with it (Benner 1980). These actions show Hamlet’s mental instability because he is unable to keep his emotions under control. He lets his anger take over and he takes out his rage on Gertrude. He continues to show this high level of instability during the murder of Polonius. After being threatened, Gertrude calls out for help.

International Trade and the Enterprise †My Assignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disuses about the International Trade and the Enterprise? Answer: Introduction In the modern era of industrialisation, the agricultural subsidy can be termed as the order to the time so that agricultural industry can receive substantial support from the government of the respective countries. Precisely, the agricultural subsidy is paid to the farmers and businesses associated with agriculture sector by the government. The aim of the agricultural subsidy is to offer supplementary measures so that the income of the farmers can be protected. Also, the agricultural subsidy has been delivered to the target audience to manage the supply side of agricultural commodities (Paiva, 2008). Invariably, the subsidy has made a substantial influence on cost management of the agricultural products. In a broader perspective, the study has been evaluated describing the positive as well as negative aspects included in agricultural subsidies in different nations. The study mainly investigates the scenario of agricultural subsidies offered by the government of Australia, the United States of America, and China respectively. Based on the reports of the investigation, the subsidy scenario of the economies has been analysed in the study paper defining the positive and negative aspects (Paiva, 2015). Although many of the economists have argued against subsidies provided to the agricultural sector, it can be identified as one of the most comprehensive factors influencing the productivity and cost management of agricultural commodities worldwide. Subsidies in Agriculture Sector Australia The Australian government has taken strong initiatives by providing infrastructure subsidies, export subsidies, and labour subsidies towards the agricultural industry. Meanwhile, the leading aim of agricultural subsidies in Australia is to influence the cost and supply of agricultural commodities. Apart from that, Australian Government supports agricultural subsidies in case of structural changes in the industry. Decisively, the agricultural industry in Australia has faced significant challenges. For instance, lack of skilled labours can be defined as one of the major issues affecting the productivity of the sector (Batt, 2015). Therefore, labour related subsidies have been offered by the government influencing the efficiency of the industry. Reportedly, Australian agricultural sector receives government subsidies of as low as three percent. In the underlying, the section, the positive and negative aspect of agricultural subsidies in the target economy has been analysed. Positive Aspect Consistent Income of farmers: The Australian Agricultural Policy has somewhat supported the income status of the farmers by offering subsidies. Though the offered subsidies are considerably low in compared to the other sectors, the agricultural subsidy has substantially supported the consistent income of the farmers associated with the agricultural industry (Lokhorst, Staats, van Dijk, van Dijk, de Snoo, 2011). Notably, the Australian agricultural subsidies are not significant for the long-term viability of the industry. Manage Supply of Agricultural Commodities: By offering subsidies to the farmers, Australian Government has tried to manage the supply of agricultural commodities. Precisely, subsidies encourage the farmers to increase the production so that the right amount of agricultural products can be produced to meet the requisite of the target population (Ashra, Chakravarty, 2007). Such initiatives have also boosted the economic status of the country as well. Negative Aspect Government Interventions: In the case of the Australian market, the intervention of the government in the agricultural sector has been taken in a negative way by the major crop producers (Batt, 2015). As the intervention of government can dictate the terms of cost and supply of the agricultural products, the role government subsidies have been questioned. Inconsistency in subsidy: On the other hand, Australian government offers subsidies towards selected crops. As a result of the consequences, unsubsidised farmers have suffered during the production of crops (Foust-Meyer, O'Rourke, 2015). Therefore, unsubsidised farmers have to quote higher offer price towards the purchasers. Hence, the inconsistency in subsidies can affect the farming business of many farmers in an adverse way. The United States of America In the United States of America, the scenario of agricultural subsidy is substantially different to that of Australia. In order to stabilise the farm income, the US Government has offered around US$60 billion every year to the industry farmers (Babic, Milosevic, Maksimovic, 2015). Moreover, the US Farm Bills have gone against the economists who believe that the country does not need to provide a subsidy towards the agricultural sector. Although the USA is not an agricultural-centric economy, such subsidy policy has helped the farmers to share the burden in their agribusinesses (Gardner, 2009). In the underlying section, the positive and adverse aspects of the US agricultural subsidy have been illustrated. Positive Aspect Stabilise Infrastructure in Agricultural Sector: By providing financial aid to the US farmers, the government has helped the farmers improving the infrastructure in the agricultural sector. The government subsidy has been utilised by the farmers to facilitate latest farming technology and transportation system. Thus, subsidies have improved the productivity of the farming commodities in the US (Babic, Milosevic, Maksimovic, 2015). Decrease Agricultural Imports: The high amount of government fund spent on the improvement of the agricultural sector increases the productivity of crops and livestock in the nation. Hence, it helps the US economy to be self-dependent to meet the growing needs of the population. In other words, the agricultural imports decrease due to high supply in the market that helps the nation to maintain a better economic balance. Furthermore, the countries can earn foreign income by exporting the excess supply of agricultural production. Negative Aspect Harm to the poor in developing countries: The excess production of agricultural products in the developed country like the United States leads to oversupply crops and livestock. The oversupply of agricultural products reduces the price of crops in the international market. In some cases, the global price of crops even falls below the production cost in the developing nations (Gardner, 2009). Hence, the excessive subsidy of the government to the agricultural sector in the United States adversely impacts the earning of the poor farmers in the developing countries. Increase the burden on government budget: The high amount of subsidy provided to the farmers in the agricultural sector increases the burden of the US government over its annual budget. According to the new economic introduced by the US government, the Senate proposed to spend around $955 billion over the upcoming ten years, which is an important increase from the 2008 farm bill that proposed to spent around $604 billion over the ten years (Ramey, 2014). Hence, the rising expenditure of the government in the form of agricultural subsidy exerts pressure over the annual budget of the nation. China China is the third largest economy in terms of its percentage of government spending on agricultural subsidy. According to the statistical data, the country spends around 15 percent of the total annual budget on agricultural subsidy. Currently, the amount spent by China on agricultural subsidy stands at 1.6 trillion Yuan, which is equal to US$261.09 billion (Huang, Wang, Zhi, Huang, Rozelle, 2011). On the other hand, the government proposed to increase its agricultural subsidy by around 10 percent in the upcoming years. The primary reason for such high amount of spending is the increasing population of the country (Taniguchi, Tachikawa, 2006). Meanwhile, it is expected by the US government that the increasing spending of the Chinese Government on Agricultural sector will negatively impact the international trade. Positive Aspect Promote agricultural infrastructure: The high spending of the Chinese Government on agricultural sector helps to promote the agricultural infrastructure of the nation. The poor farmers are helped to learn modern techniques of farming that increases the agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the increase in the productivity of crops helps the economy to meet the growing demands of its population (Huang, Wang, Zhi, Huang, Rozelle, 2011). Decrease the dependence on agricultural import: The high productivity of crops lead to oversupply in the market. On the other hand, it helps the government to make the price of agricultural products affordable to the low income people (Keyzer, Qiu, 2017). Additionally, the high expenditure of the Chinese government on agricultural sector makes the economy capable of meeting the demand of the citizens that further reduces the dependence on agricultural import. Negative Aspect Imbalance in international Trade: The excess supplies of crops are exported to different other developing nations of the world that are poor in agricultural production. The high productivity of agricultural products in China reduces the aggregate price of crops in the international market (Huang, Wang, Zhi, Huang, Rozelle, 2011). Hence, an imbalance occurs in the international trade due to the falling price of the agricultural products. High burden on tax payers: The increasing expenditure of the Chinese government on agricultural sector increases the burden over the tax payers (Keyzer, Qiu, 2017). Around 15 percent of the tax paid to the government is used to pay subsidy to the farmers. Hence, the increase in the agricultural subsidy will further increase the pressure over the tax payers. Conclusion By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that the government of Australia spends the lowest amount in the form of agricultural subsidy out of the three chosen countries. On the other hand, China is the highest payer of agricultural subsidy. The subsidy paid to the farmers helps the government to control the production of crops in the nation. Additionally, it is an economic policy that is used to control the price of agricultural products in the nation. Hence, it is important for the Australian government to increase its agricultural subsidies to promote the sector. However, China and the United States must put a check on its agricultural subsidy to reduce the pressure over the tax payers and maintain a balance in international trade. References Ashra, S., Chakravarty, M. (2007). Input Subsidies to Agriculture: Case of Subsidies to Fertiliser Industry across Countries.Vision: The Journal Of Business Perspective,11(3), 35-58. Babic, V., Milosevic, B., Maksimovic, G. (2015). Economic subsidies in agriculture.Ekonomika Poljoprivrede,62(3), 693-704. Batt, P. (2015).Australia's 'five strong pillar economy': agriculture.The Conversation. Retrieved May 2017, from https://theconversation.com/australias-five-strong-pillar-economy-agriculture-40388 Foust-Meyer, N., O'Rourke, M. (2015). High Tunnels for Local Food Systems: Subsidies, Equity, and Profitability.Journal Of Agriculture, Food Systems, And Community Development, 1-12. Gardner, B. (2009).American Agriculture in the Twentieth Century(1st ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Huang, J., Wang, X., Zhi, H., Huang, Z., Rozelle, S. (2011). Subsidies and distortions in Chinas agriculture: evidence from producer-level data.Australian Journal Of Agricultural And Resource Economics,55(1), 53-71. Keyzer, M., Qiu, H. (2017). China's Agricultural Development: Challenges and Prospects.European Review Of Agricultural Economics,34(3), 421-424. Lokhorst, A., Staats, H., van Dijk, J., van Dijk, E., de Snoo, G. (2011). What's in it for Me? Motivational Differences between Farmers' Subsidised and Non-Subsidised Conservation Practices.Applied Psychology,60(3), 337-353. Paiva, C. (2008). Assessing protectionism and subsidies in agricultureA gravity approach.Journal Of International Development,20(5), 628-640. Paiva, C. (2015).Assessing protectionism and subsidies in agriculture(1st ed.). Washington, DC: Internat. Monetary Fund. Ramey, E. (2014). Farm Subsidies and Technical Change: State-Mediated Accumulation in U.S. Agriculture.Rethinking Marxism,26(4), 472-489. Taniguchi, Y., Tachikawa, M. (2006). An Agriculture without Subsidies?.Journal Of Rural Problems,41(4), 380-381.